مجله علوم پزشکی صدرا
سال هشتم شماره 1 (زمستان 1398)

The use of composite-resin in the restoration of the posterior teeth has been verified as a successful and proven restoration and at the same time with the increased demand for these restorations, dental schools have been teaching the subject of posterior composites to their students though inadequate research has been devoted to assess the attitudes of students toward the efficiency of these teachings. To this end, the present study was carried out to investigate the attitudes of dental students toward the teaching of posterior composite restorations at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and Shiraz Azad University.

In this descriptive study, 180 dental students in years 5 & 6 were selected according to the existing lists by means of a census sampling in these schools. The participants were assessed through a valid and reliable questionnaire which included different items of teaching posterior composites as well as the students’ abilities in this regard. The data were evaluated descriptively and student t and chi-square tests were used to analyze the statistical differences based on the students’ schools or genders.

In most cases, moderate judgments were expressed by the students regarding the different aspects of teaching posterior composites although 52.0% and 48.3% of the participants reported their good ability to do 1-surface and 2-surface restorations using composite resin. According to 41.2% of the participants, there was poor theoretical teaching of posterior composites compared to amalgam restorations. Poor oral hygiene (87.5%), caries susceptibility (79.4%), and patients’ poor cooperation (70.6%) were the most cases of posterior composite contraindications. In 80.0% and 85.3% of Cl I and Cl II cavities, amalgam was preferred to composite resin and, in average, the studied students restored 10.2, 9.9, and 5.2 posterior teeth with 1, 2, and 3 surfaces using composite resins, respectively.

 Discussion & Conclusion

Although there are some positive trends in teaching posterior composite restorations, amalgam is the preferred material in the restorations performed in the studied schools. The results of this study indicated the need for more attention to teaching the posterior composites and to promote similar teachings using the same guidelines.

Exposing infidelity has devastating and shocking effects on the family and it can be so severe and uncontrollable that it disrupts the daily functioning and concentration of family members and endangers the quality of marital life. Therefore, interventions to improve the marital quality of married couples affected by infidelity are among the most important actions of psychologists. To this end, the aim of this study wasto compare the effectiveness of combined systemic couple therapy (Bowen) and emotion-focused therapy (Johnson) packagesand integrated couple therapy on the quality of marital life of couples affected by infidelity.

The present study is a quasi-experimental design with single-subject design in which A-B design was used. In this study, 12 measurements (4 times as baseline, 4 times during treatment, and 4 times as follow-up) were performed. Six couples (12 persons) were selected by purposive sampling from couples who experienced meta-marital relationship referring to Isfahan centers and clinics and were randomly divided into two groups: combined systemic couple therapy (Bowen) and emotion-focused therapy (Johnson) packages(3 couples) and integrated couple therapy (3 couples). Then, the intervention was administered for 15 sessions of combined systemic couple therapy (Bowen) and emotion-focused therapy (Johnson) for the first group and 8 sessions of integrated couple therapy for the second group. Research instruments included Quality Marital inventory. Data analysis was done by visual analysis of graphs using the percentage of improvement.

Both combined systemic couple therapy (Bowen) and emotion-focused therapy (Johnson) packagesand integrated couple therapy had lasting effects on the quality of marital life of the married couples affected by infidelity.

 Discussion & Conclusion:

Combined systemic couple therapy (Bowen) and emotion- focused therapy (Johnson) packagesand integrated couple therapy can all play an important role in improving the quality of marital life of the couples affected by infidelity.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD) is the most common form of enzymopathy of red blood cells that has affected more than 400 million people worldwide. G6PD deficient erythrocytes show decreased levels of antioxidant capacity and they make one susceptible to chemical induced hemolysis such as drugs and oxidant food ingredients. To this end, antioxidants can play a pivotal role in the prevention of oxidative damage to the erythrocyte membrane in such patients. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of Ginkgo biloba in preventing t-BHP-induced hemolysis in G6PD deficient patients.

Twenty-one male G6PD deficient patients all of whom had experienced at least one hemolytic attack were included in the study. To assess the property of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) to prevent hemolysis in G6PD deficient erythrocytes, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP), an oxidant, was used to induce hemolysis. Different concentrations of EGb (100, 200, 300, 400 µg/ml) were used in this experiment.

Erythrocytes incubated with t-BHP released 30.47±1.61% (mean ± SD) hemoglobin in the supernatant which decreased in the presence of EGb in the concentration dependent manner.  Concentrations of 300 µg/ml and 400 µg/ml EGb showed significant reduction in hemolysis compared to the control group.

Based on the results of this study, we propose that EGb may decrease chemical induced hemolysis and the following complications in G6PD deficient patients. Therefore, it may be possible to recommend Ginkgo supplement to these patients before exposure to oxidant agents.

Assertiveness is one of the important components of determining the quality of human relationships and the management of anger. The main aim of this study was to examine the moderating role of assertiveness types in the relationship between anger and anger rumination in patients suffering from chronic musculoskeletal pain.

For this purpose, a sample of 109 patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain was selected by convenience sampling method. Adaptive and aggressive assertiveness scale, multidimensional anger inventory and anger rumination scale were used for collecting data. Data analysis was carried out using Pearson correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression analysis.

The results showed different assertiveness types have a moderating role in the relationship between anger and anger rumination in patients with musculoskeletal disorders. Adaptive assertiveness was a negative moderator in the relationship between anger and anger rumination, and with proper management of initial anger it reduces the intensity of anger rumination. On the contrary, aggressive assertiveness was a positive moderator in the relationship between anger and anger rumination, and by intensifying the initial anger, it increases anger rumination.

In general, different assertiveness types exacerbate/intensify or weaken the chain of anger and anger rumination, and affect the severity of pain in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain disorder. . Therefore, adaptive and aggressive assertiveness indirectly lead to a decrease or an increase in the severity of pain in patients with musculoskeletal disorders, respectively.

Herbal supplements blue-green algae (Spirulina) is one of the richest sources of protein. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interactive effect of aerobic training with the supplementation of Spirulina on anthropometric factors and cardiovascular risk factors in diabetic patients.

Thirty two men with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had sedentary lifestyles were randomly divided into four groups: Control (C), Exercise (AT), Supplement (S), and Exercise with Supplement (AT + S). The Exercise group program included 45 minutes of aerobic exercise, three sessions per week with a maximum heart rate of 60-65%. Groups (S) and (AT + S) took two tablets of 500 mg of Spirulina per day. Blood samples were taken before and after eight weeks after 10-12 hours of fasting overnight to measure the cardiovascular risk factors. Also, bioelectrical impedance method was used to evaluate anthropometric indexes.

After eight weeks of aerobic training and supplementation, TG, LDL, weight, BMI, and body fat percentage decreased significantly in groups (AT, S, AT + S) (P≤ 0.05)while in group (C) these changes were not significant. Also, in groups (AT and AT + S), the level of total cholesterol and WHR decreased whereas HDL showed a significant increase. In groups (S and C) these three indexes did not change significantly (P≤0.05).

Aerobic exercise along with Spirulina supplementation can be an effective factor for preventing and improving the metabolic syndrome indicators in people with diabetes. Through having a desirable effect on anthropometric indexes and cardiovascular risk factors

One of the strongest tendencies in human beings is "authoritarianism" or "power-seeking", which emerges from the first years of human life in a child and it is activated to the extent that one can expose power and it directs their deeds and behavior. The purpose of this study is to determine authoritarianism in prison psychologists.

This descriptive correlation study was performed by simple random sampling in Shiraz Central Prison. The research population was all the prisoners in Shiraz, 374 of whom were selected through simple random sampling, The information was collected through a questionnaire including authoritarianism and parenting style questionnaire which was measured with 82 questions. The reliability of the authoritarianism questionnaire was 86% and that of the parental questionnaire was 82%, both of which were measured by Chronbach’s alpha. SPSS, correlation coefficient, and regression analysis were used for data analysis.

The findings showed that there is a significant positive correlation between family structure in parenting (for prison psychologists) and their authoritarianism (p = <0.01) in a way that the more negative the value of family educational structure (considering the probability of 0.01% error), the more authoritarianism people have.  Although positive constructs can reduce children's authoritarianism, negative parenting in raising children can directly predict the prison psychologists’ authoritarianism (P < 0.01 and Beta = 0.20). There is a significant correlation between the structure of exclusionary families and authoritarianism with r = 0.223 and p < 0.01, between chaotic families and authoritarianism with r = 0.167 and p < 0.05, and between coercive families and authoritarianism with r = 0.146 and p < 0.05.  Although positive constructs can lead to a decline in children's authoritarianism, the dimensions of negative constructs of family structure in education including  exclusionary families (P

The results show that family educational structure is effective on children’s bullying and authoritarianism and that negative parenting has a direct effect on authoritarian behavior. In addition, families with exclusion or coercion constructs have a higher percentage of authoritarian behavior of their children. This confirms the impact of family and family education on children's future behavior and on society’s mental health.

Face is one the most injured part of the body after burn injuries. Facial burns due to electrical insults, caustic agents, flame and even hot liquids can cause peri-oral scar and mouth contracture named as microstomia. One of the most important action of the physical therapist for prevention of microstomy is usage of oral splints. These splints apply continuous traction in mouth in all directions that prevent contracture. Many kinds of splints are available. Their manufacturing is time consuming and expensive. They are made from metals or silicone or other components. We used tongue blade as a good tongue splint. We insert one end of tongue blades into the mouth between the teeth and cheeks to the level of sixth tooth posteriorly in both sides. As both sides of jaws and teeth ore more closer to each other frack to front the exterior ends of tongue blades will touch each other. This angled semi fixed position of tongue blades applies outward traction on mouth and works as an oral splint. Mouth splints are expensive and not available for everyone. Otherwise as these aren't disposable, repeated cleaning of them is very important. We used tongue blade as a mouth splint. Advantages of this device is its lightweight, very low cost, disposability and being healthy. It's very easy to use. So we recommend tongue blade as a simple, disposable, cheap, light, effective and available device for prevention of mouth contracture and microstomy.

Primary bone cancers, mainly osteosarcoma, are the most common malignancies in human musculoskeletal system. Several risk factors including inflammatory and immunologic factors have been introduced in this disease of which cytokines can be named. The aim of this study was to investigate the serum levels of Interleukin-7 (IL-7), as a bone marrow inhabited cytokine, in patients with osteosarcoma compared to healthy individuals. In this study, serum samples from 28 patients with osteosarcoma and 47 healthy individuals were tested for IL-7 levels by ELISA technique. The results were analyzed using t-test. The mean level of IL-7 in patients with osteosarcoma and  that of the control group were 0.1 ± 0.03 and 0.08 ± 0.02 Pg/ml, respectively and there was no significant difference in IL-7 levels between the two groups  (P=0.515). Despite the increase in IL-7 serum levels during metastasis of several tumors to the bone, our results suggest that IL-7 serum levels do not increase in primary bone tumors. This finding is important since IL-7 production is important in the maintenance of the lymphocytes in bone marrow and other lymphoid organs and any change in its levels may cause disturbances in the immune system function.